Brief history of the telephone and communication network highlighting Term Paper

Brief history of the telephone and communication network highlighting major events and technologies from 1845 to the present including the major impacts of regulation - Term Paper Example ercial telegraph, the code used by the transmitter and receiver was still the Morse code but in this case a telegrapher closed a switch or telegraph key in a particular pattern of short and long closures that represented a letter of the alphabet at the transmitting end. A person’s distance of communication increased into thousands of miles, the time taken to deliver a message reduced to seconds and the amount of information was maintained in the limit of five to a hundred words per minute with the entrance of the electric telegraph and laying of the transoceanic cable in 1858. The first telephone was the magneto-telephone on which both transmission and reception were done using the same instrument. A speaker’s voice was converted into patterns of electrical energy that were sent over fairly long distances through wires to a receiver. The receiver would convert the energy patterns back to the original sound waves that the listener could understand. This system was more efficient and advanced than the telegraph since apart from providing long distance communication capabilities, speaking and hearing could be done directly making its use suitable for everyone. Its information transfer rate was only limited by the human speech rate. Today telecommunication uses the telephony technologies related with the electronic transmission of fax, voice and other information over long distances using systems that were initially associated with the telephone. The radio was invented in 1901 by Guglielmo Marconi. This was after Heinrich Hertz discovered the electromagnetic wave in 1888. Marconi had begun experimenting with wireless telegraphy in 1895. In 1906, the radio was built in the United States of America as the first commercial voice transmitting device that utilized electromagnetic waves. The invention of the radio opened up new opportunities for wireless communications. A wartime ban on nonmilitary broadcasting delayed acceptance of the radio until in 1920 when the

Social environmental accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social environmental accounting - Essay Example The company has employed various internal management accounting systems and techniques in relation to the social and environmental issues facing it (Marinova, Annandale, & Phillimore 2010). One of such system includes acting responsibly. This involves Aviva insurance using scientific research on the social and environmental impacts responsibly and engaging in good governance and management of the organization (Dalal-Clayton & Sadler 2014). It is important for organizations to balance possible environmental, social and economic impacts, risks and opportunities across the economic, social and economic spheres. This is a highly complex task to Aviva, its managers and the society at large. The complexity that is brought about by this is made more difficult through the requirement to identify the significance of various types and even time horizons of the outcomes. There may be instances where there is a positive overall societal, environmental and economic outcome while other activities leads to a positive outcome on one side and negative outcome on the other. Organizations, therefore, face difficulties in coming up with strategy and actions to balance the environmental, s ocial and also their economic sustainability. Managers in Aviva recognize this and ensure that it is highly incorporated in the decision-making processed  making it to be within the organizations acceptable  behavior and impacts of a society (Burritt 2011). The second internal management accounting system is saving for various environmental projects. The organization through its management overseas the Aviva community funds to sustain the economic, societal and environmental aspects of the society (Docherty, Kira, & Shani 2008). The organization is also involved in the management of its environmental costs. The organization is increasingly becoming aware of their environmental sustainability responsibility in the society. This is considering that